1619-32: Ligden Khan, the last Mongol Great Khan, aims to centralize imperial control over the various Mongol tribes, but alienates a number of Eastern Mongol tribes who go over to the Manchus.
1632: Ligden sets out to Tibet, to evade the Manchus and destroy the Yellow Sect.
1688: conflict between the Dzungars on one hand and the Tüsheet Khan and Setsen Khan on the other leads to the almost complete conquest of the Khalkha domains by the Dzungars. Khalkha nobles flee to Inner Mongolia.
1691: Khalkha nobles submit to the Qing emperor.
1696: Qing seizes de-facto control of the Khalkha domains by defeating the Dzungars.
1756/57: Destruction of the Dzungars, failed rebellions Amursana and Chingünjav.
beginning ca. 1907: Implementation of new, sinification-oriented policies by the Qing government.
February 1921: Baron R.F. von Ungern-Sternberg Baron Ungern drives Chinese troops out of Urga.
March 18, 1921: Red guerrillas headed by Damdin Sükhbaatar with assistance of Red Russian troops defeat the Chinese garrison in the Mongolian settlement Maimachen near Khiagt
March, 1921: Remaining Chinese troops defeated by Ungern left Mongolia. Mongolia restored its independence under the Bogd Khaan monarchic power.
Spring-Summer 1921: Russian Red Army with support of Damdin Sükhbaatar defeats Ungern's forces in Mongolia.
1928-1932: Failed attempts of collectivization lead to widespread uprisings and give way to a temporary thaw.
1936: Prince Demchugdongrub formed the Mongol Military Government in the Inner Mongolia for the independence from Repubilic of China and against Communism.
1937: the Mongol Military Government renamed: Mongol United Autonomous Government.
1937-1939: Stalinist terror leads to the death of more than 30.000 people in Mongolian People's Republic.
May-September 16, 1939: Large scale fighting takes place between Japanese and Soviet-Mongolian forces along Khalkhyn Gol on Mongolia-Manchuria border (Battle of Khalkhyn Gol), ending in defeat of the Japanese Guandong Army. Truce negotiated between U.S.S.R. and Japan.
1941: Mongol United Autonomous Government renamed: the Mongolian Autonomous Federation known as Mengjiang.
August 1945: Mongolian People's Republic declares war on Japan, one day after the USSR. Mongolian People's Republic troops take part in the occupation of Inner Mongolia, at that time controlled by the pro-Japanese Mengjiang regime.
October 1945: Plebiscite yields a 100% pro-independence vote.
January 1946: ROC government recognized the independence of Mongolian People's Republic.
October 6, 1949: Newly established People's Republic of China recognizes Mongolia and agrees to establish diplomatic relations.
1952, Exiling ROC government in Taiwan renounced the China, Soviet Union: Treaty of Friendship and Alliance. So far, ROC constitution in Taiwan still claims ROC sovereignty over entire China, including Outer Mongolia.
late 1950s: Herds are collectivized again, this time successfully.
1955 ROC representatives used veto power to block the Mongolian People's Republic's entry into United Nations.
1961: The Mongolian People's Republic entered into United Nations. ROC representative did not veto it.
1962 The communist world was openly split into two camps: Moscow-centered and Beijing-centered. The Mongolian communist leadership resolutely sided with the Soviet Communists (Sino-Soviet split).
1965: Yu. Tsedenbal purges intelligentsia.
1969 The differences in interpretation of Marxism spread to a brink of overall war between USSR and China. Threat of Chinese aggression against Mongolia. Soviet army stationed a large army in the Mongolian People's Republic bordering with P.R. China.
March 1981: Gurragchaa becomes the first Mongolian in Space.
August 1984: Resignation of Yu. Tsedenbal.
January 27, 1987: Diplomatic relations established with the United States.
2003: Mongolian troops begin taking part in peace keeping operations in Afghanistan, Iraq and Sudan.
2004: Election leads to a draw. Coalition formed between MPRP and other parties, headed by Elbegdorj, but dissolved by MPRP in January 2006. New coalition between MPRP and smaller parties and defectors formed under Enkhbold on January 25, 2006, but dissolved by MPRP in October/November 2007. Another Coalition formed under Sanjaagiin Bayar on November 22, 2007.